Systemic and Inhalation Analgesia

Systemic analgesia and co-analgesia.

Potent opioids are excellent painkillers but their use is hampered by side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, bowel dysfunction, urinary retention, pruritus, sedation and respiratory depression. Co-analgesics are often combined with opioids to reduce the prevalence of these unwanted effects while maintaining or even improve the quality of analgesia. A search of the recent literature demonstrated...

Recent advances in pain relief in childbirth. I. Inhalation and systemic analgesia.

Pain relief for labour is freely available in the United Kingdom, principally because of the widespread use of systemic agents, like pethidine, and self-administered inhalation analgesia. These methods have enabled midwives, who, after all, deliver the majority of babies, to provide a substantial degree of pain relief for most mothers associated with an impressive record of safety (Arthure et a...

Options for systemic labor analgesia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the challenging practice of systemic analgesia as an alternative to epidural analgesia for labor pain, and places remifentanil within the context of opioid analgesics suitable for managing for labor pain. RECENT FINDINGS Although systemic opioids have long been used for labor analgesia, they have become less popular because of frequent maternal and neona...

Maternal arterial oxygen tension during intermittent inhalation analgesia.

In mothers nursed in a semi-recumbent position, arterial oxygen tension was measured at the beginning and END OF AN an intermittent period of inhalation, Lasting for six contractions, during the first stage of labour. Ten mothers had methoxyflurane 0.35 per cent and air, followed by methoxyflurane 0.35 per cent with approximately 50 per cent oxygen. Another 10 mothers had 50 per cent nitrous ox...

Health Risk Assessment Guidance for Metals Herag Assessment of Occupational Inhalation Exposure and Systemic Inhalation Absorption